Teacher

prof. Andrea MELCHIOR

Credits

6 CFU

Language

Italian

Objectives

The course is meant to provide the students the basic knowledge which allows to acquire the chemical-physical phenomena and foresee the possible reactions between different substances in various conditions. Therefore the following topics are treated: atomic structure, chemical bonds, gases, liquids and solids, thermodynamics, chemical reactions, chemical equilibria, kinetics and electrochemistry.

Acquired skills

- Acquire and use the basis of chemical nomenclature.
- Use the theoretical basis to understand and foresee the occurrence of fundamental chemical and physico-chemical transformations.
- Understand the links between chemistry and modern technology.

Lectures and exercises (topics and specific content)

Atomic structure: atomic structure; quantum theory; Schroedinger equation; hydrogen atom; uncertainty principle; Hund's rule; polyelectronic atoms; polyelectronic atoms and periodic properties (8 hours).
Chemical bonds: chemical bonds: ionic covalent, metallic; hybridization; MO-LCAO; solid state; conductors/semiconductors; technological applications; weak interactions, electrostatic, van der Waals, hydrogen bond (6 hours).
Gases: the model of an ideal gas and the state equation; Dalton's law; real gases, compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation; expansion/compression of an ideal gas (4 hours).
Thermodynamics: first principle of thermodynamics; internal energy, work, heat; reversible/irreversible processes; heat capacity; Hess law; second principle; entropy; spontaneous processes; Gibbs free energy; chemical potential; standard states (6 hours).
Liquids and solutions: phase diagrams;  Clausius-Clapeyron equation; Colligative properties (4 hours).
Reaction kinetics: reaction order; factors affecting the reaction rates; Arrhenius theory; transition state; catalisys; examples of industrial reactions (4 hours).
Chemical equilibrium: Gibbs free energy change in a chemical reaction; equilibrium constant; dependence of the equilibrium constant on the temperature (Van't Hoff eq.); Le chatelier principle; gas-phase equilibria (homogeneous) and heterogeneous equilibria (8 hours).
Solution equilibria: Arrhenius, Bronsted and Lewis definition of acids and bases and their strength.pH; hydrolysis of salts; buffer solutions; solubility equilibria (10 hours).
Electrochemistry: Gibbs free energy and electrical work; Redox processes; electrical cells; standard reduction potentials; electrolysis (Faraday laws) and practical applications (industrial production of NaOH, Cl2, H2, Al, Cu) (10 hours).
Exercises (16 hours).

References

- Fusi, Bacchi, Giorni, Marchetti, Messori, Paoli, Punzo, Sortino,Tolazzi "Chimica generale ed inorganica", Idelson – Gnocchi Ed.
- Schiavello, L. Palmisano “Fondamenti di chimica”, Edises,  (Napoli, 3° Ed.) 
- T. L. Brown, H. E. Le May Jr., B.E.Bursten, C.J. Murphy, P.M. Woodward, “Fondamenti di Chimica”, Edises (Napoli, 3° Ed.)
-  R.A. Michelin, A.Munari, Fondamenti di Chimica per le Tecnologie, Cedam, Padova

Type of exam

Written and oral

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